Photoexcitation of (diarylmethylene)amino benziodoxolones for alkylamination of styrene derivatives with carboxylic acids.

The alkylamination of alkenes using pristine carboxylic acids was achieved by the photoexcitation of (diarylmethylene)amino benziodoxolones (DABXs), which serve as both an oxidant and an aminating reagent (an iminyl radical precursor). The developed method is a simple photochemical reaction without the need for external photosensitizers and shows a broad substrate scope for aliphatic carboxylic acids leading to the formation of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl radicals, thus enabling the facile synthesis of various structurally complex amines. Mechanistic investigations including transient absorption spectroscopy measurements using a laser flash photolysis (LFP) method disclosed the unique photochemical reactivity of DABXs, which undergoes homolysis of their I-N bonds to give an iminyl radical and ortho-iodobenzoyloxy radical, the latter of which participates in the single-electron oxidation of carboxylates.

Extracorporeal life support and continuous renal replacement therapy in a patient with Enterovirus A71 associated cardiopulmonary failure: A case report.

RATIONALE: Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) caused by Enterovirus A71, complicated by cardiopulmonary failure, is associated with a high mortality rate despite intensive treatment. To date, there is a paucity of clinical management data, regarding the use of extracorporeal life support (VA-ECMO) for Enterovirus-A71 associated cardiopulmonary failure reported. PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient in this study presented with severe HFMD complicated by cardiopulmonary failure, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and cardiac arrest. DIAGNOSES: Clinical presentations, laboratory data, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results from rectal swabs were used to confirm the diagnosis of severe HFMD caused by Enterovirus A71. INTERVENTIONS: The patient was managed with chest compression and an automatic external defibrillator, mechanical ventilation, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and inotrope (milrinone). The patient did not respond to these interventions and subsequently required further management with VA-ECMO. OUTCOMES: The patient achieved a favorable outcomes. LESSONS: Our study highlights that extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and CRRT can enhance the survival outcomes of patients with severe HFMD with cardiopulmonary failure complications. Furthermore, we propose specific indications for the initiation of VA-ECMO.

Rifampicin tolerance and growth fitness among isoniazid-resistant clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates: an in-vitro longitudinal study.

Antibiotic tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis leads to less effective bacterial killing, poor treatment responses and resistant emergence. There is limited understanding of antibiotic tolerance in clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. Therefore, we investigated the rifampicin tolerance of M. tuberculosis isolates, with or without pre-existing isoniazid-resistance. In-vitro rifampicin survival fractions determined by minimum duration of killing assay in isoniazid susceptible (n=119) and resistant (n=84) M. tuberculosis isolates. Rifampicin tolerance was correlated with bacterial growth, rifampicin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and isoniazid-resistant mutations. The longitudinal isoniazid-resistant isolates were analyzed for rifampicin tolerance based on collection time from patients and associated emergence of genetic variants. The median duration of rifampicin exposure reducing the M. tuberculosis surviving fraction by 90% (minimum duration of killing-MDK90) increased from 1.23 (95%CI 1.11; 1.37) and 1.31 (95%CI 1.14; 1.48) to 2.55 (95%CI 2.04; 2.97) and 1.98 (95%CI 1.69; 2.56) days, for IS and IR respectively, during 15 to 60 days of incubation respectively. Increase in MDK90 time indicated the presence of fast and slow growing tolerant sub-populations. A range of 6 log10-fold survival fraction enabled classification of tolerance as low, medium or high and revealed isoniazid-resistance association with increased tolerance with faster growth (OR=2.68 for low vs. medium, OR=4.42 for low vs. high, P-trend=0.0003). The high tolerance in longitudinal isoniazid-resistant isolates was specific to those collected during rifampicin treatment in patients and associated with bacterial genetic microvariants. Our study identifies a range of rifampicin tolerance and reveals that isoniazid resistance is associated with higher tolerance with growth fitness. Furthermore, rifampicin treatment may select isoniazid-resistant isolate microvariants with higher rifampicin tolerance, with survival potential similar to multi-drug resistant isolates. These findings suggest that isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis needs to be evaluated for rifampicin tolerance or needs further improvement in treatment regimen. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.

Ultrasensitive Monitoring of Cyanide Concentrations in Water Using a Aucore-Agshell Hybrid-Coating-Based Fiber Optical Sensor.

Cyanides, which are extremely toxic chemicals that are rapidly absorbed into the human body and interact with cytochrome oxidase, strongly inhibit cellular respiration to body death with convulsions. Cyanide ions that exist in many forms in nature such as those found in apricot kernels, cassava roots, and bamboo shoots as cyanogenic glycosides are inevitably used in various industries, including gold and silver mining as well as in dyes and plastic industries. In this study, for the sake of developing ultrahigh-sensitive sensors for cyanide monitoring in a simple manner, we chemically synthesize Aucore-Agshell hybrid nanomaterials of different core/shell thicknesses for colorimetric sensors and fiber optical sensors. Their sensing principle relies on the formation of the Ag/Au cyanocomplex upon cyanide injection. The generated metal cyanocomplex induced changes in refractive indices, causing changes in properties of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), i.e., optical absorbance change for the colorimetric sensors. For fiber optical sensors, the hybrid metal nanoparticles were immobilized on the fiber core surface and the metal cyanocomplex formation induced changes in the fiber cladding refractive index, enabling quantitative cyanide detection with ultrahigh sensitivity. The LSPR-based colorimetric sensor provided the lowest detectable cyanide concentration of 5 × 10-6 M, whereas the value for the fiber-based sensor was 8 × 10-11 M.

Endovascular management of massive hemoptysis due to pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm in a COVID-19 patient in Vietnam: A case report.

Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm with massive hemoptysis is extremely rare in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia, especially in its late stage. We report a case who presented with massive hemoptysis and pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm without pulmonary thromboembolism in their ninth week of COVID-19 infection, which was treated by endovascular embolization. The endovascular intervention was technically and clinically successful, with complete hemoptysis cessation after the procedure. This is the first case reported in Vietnam.

A uniform strategy of primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot: Transventricular approach results in low reoperation rate in the first decade.

OBJECTIVES: To review outcomes after a uniform strategy of transventricular repair of tetralogy of Fallot. METHODS: A total of 244 consecutive patients underwent transventricular primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot from 2004 to 2019. Median age at operation was 71 days; 57 (23%) patients were premature; 57 (23%) patients had low birth weight (<2.5 kg), and 40 (16%) had genetic syndromes. The diameter of pulmonary valve annulus, right pulmonary artery (PA), and left PA were 6.0 ± 1.8 mm (z score, -1.7 ± 1.3), 4.3 ± 1.4 mm (z score, -0.9 ± 1.2) and 4.1 ± 1.5 mm (z score, -0.5 ± 1.3). RESULTS: Three (1.2%) operative deaths were recorded. Ninety patients (37%) underwent transannular patching. Postoperative echocardiographic peak right ventricular outflow tract gradient decreased from 72 ± 27 mm Hg to 21 ± 16 mm Hg. Median intensive care unit and hospital stay were 3 and 7 days. The survival rate at 10 years was 94.6% ± 1.8%. Reintervention was required 86 times (55 catheter interventions) in 56 patients following tetralogy of Fallot repair. The freedom from all-cause reintervention rate at 10 years was 70.5% ± 3.6%. Cyanotic spells (hazard ratio, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.22-3.90; P < .01) and smaller pulmonary valve annulus z score (hazard ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.01-1.59; P = .04) were associated with increasing risk of all reinterventions. Freedom from redo surgery for right ventricular outflow tract obstruction and right ventricular dilatation at 10 years were, respectively, 85.0% ± 3.1% and 98.7% ± 0.9%. Freedom from valve implantation was 96.7% ± 1.5% at 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: A uniform strategy of primary repair of tetralogy of Fallot through a transventricular approach resulted in low reoperation rate in the first decade. The need of pulmonary valve implantation was limited to <4% at 10 years.

Endovascular management of giant post-traumatic pseudoaneurysm in cavernous sinus: A case report.

A 20-year-old male was admitted with the history of a traumatic head injury after traffic accident. The physical examination revealed blurred vision, swelling of the right face, and minor epistaxis. CT and MRI findings revealed a giant pseudoaneurysm of cavernous carotid artery. The patient was enrolled endovascular coils embolization of the internal carotid artery. After the procedure, the patient recovered well. Endovascular treatment is an effective therapy in cavernous carotid pseudoaneurysm.

Insight into the direct conversion of methane to methanol on modified ZIF-204 from the perspective of DFT-based calculations.

Direct oxidation of methane over oxo-doped ZIF-204, a bio-mimetic metal-organic framework, is investigated under first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. In the pristine ZIF-204, the tetrahedral methane molecule anchors to an open monocopper site via the so-called η2 configuration with a physisorption energy of 0.24 eV. This weak binding arises from an electrostatic interaction between the negative charge of carbon in the methane molecule and the positive Cu2+ cation in the framework. In the modified ZIF-204, the doped oxo species is stabilized at the axial position of a CuN4-base square pyramid at a distance of 2.06 Å. The dative covalent bond between Cu and oxo is responsible for the formation energy of 1.06 eV. With the presence of the oxo group, the presenting of electrons in the O_pz orbital accounts for the adsorption of methane via hydrogen bonding with an adsorption energy of 0.30 eV. The methane oxidation can occur via either a concerted direct oxo insertion mechanism or a hydrogen-atom abstraction radical rebound mechanism. Calculations on transition-state barriers show that reactions via the concerted direct oxo insertion mechanism can happen without energy barriers. Concerning the hydrogen-atom abstraction radical rebound mechanism, the C-H bond dissociation of the CH4 molecule is barrierless, but the C-O bond recombination to form the CH3OH molecule occurs through a low barrier of 0.16 eV. These predictions suggest the modified ZIF-204 is a promising catalyst for methane oxidization.

Antioxidant, Anti-Skin-Aging, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activities of Rourea oligophlebia Extracts.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-skin-aging, anti-inflammatory, and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of the hexane (n-hex), AcOEt, BuOH, MeOH, and aqueous extracts from R. oligophlebia roots. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC) were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 colorimetric assays. The antioxidant capacity was examined by reducing power (RP), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ABTS⋅+ , and DPPH⋅+ radical cation assays. All extracts potentially exhibited antioxidant activity with IC50 values ranging from 2.93 to 5.73 µg/mL for ABTS⋅+ and from 5.69 to 7.65 µg/mL for DPPH⋅+ except the n-hex extract. The BuOH, MeOH, and aqueous extract possess promising anti-skin-aging activities, as observed by an attenuation of UV-A toxicity on human keratinocytes. We proposed that these anti-skin-aging properties are possibly due to direct scavenging activity against reactive oxygen species and upregulate cellular antioxidant machinery. Moreover, we found that the antioxidant capacity was well correlated with anti-inflammatory capacity against nitric oxide (NO) production in terms of the n-hex, AcOEt, and BuOH extracts with IC50 values from 23.21 to 47.1 µg/mL. In contrast, these activities were found to be poorly correlated with AchE activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the antioxidant, anti-skin-aging, anti-inflammatory, and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of the extracts of R. oligophlebia roots. These findings indicated that this species could be a potential source of natural antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory agents. Consequently, it may be suggested as a medicinal plant that prevents diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.

Light-Powered Reversible Guest Release and Uptake from Zn4L4 Capsules.

A strategy for light-powered guest release from a tetrahedral capsule has been developed by incorporating azobenzene units at its vertices. A new Zn4L4 tetrahedral capsule bearing 12 diazo moieties at its metal-ion vertices was prepared from a phenyldiazenyl-functionalized subcomponent and a central trialdehyde panel. Ultraviolet irradiation caused isomerization of the peripheral diazo groups from the thermodynamically preferred trans configuration to the cis form, thereby generating steric clash and resulting in cage disassembly and concomitant guest release. Visible-light irradiation drove cage re-assembly following re-isomerization of the diazo groups to the trans form, resulting in guest re-uptake. A detailed 19F NMR study elucidated how switching led to guest release: each metal vertex tolerated only one cis-azobenzene moiety, with further isomerization leading to cage disassembly.

Endovascular management of rectus abdominis hematoma: A report of two cases.

Nontraumatic spontaneous hematoma of the rectus abdominis is frequently related to anticoagulation therapy. In most cases, this condition is spontaneously self-limited or can be controlled with conservative therapy. Nevertheless, in some patients, despite early and adequate medical therapy, continuous development of the condition requires rapid and complete hemostasis. Currently, endovascular management by selective transarterial embolization of the bleeding vessel is the most common treatment option. We report 2 cases of endovascular management of rectus abdominis hematoma using a mixture of n-butylcyanoacrylate and lipiodol to embolize the bleeding point of the superior epigastric artery. Clinical symptoms improved without noticeable complications.

The Effect of Bisoprolol on Premature Ventricular Complex in Vietnamese Patients with Hypertension and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.

BACKGROUND: Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) is a common arrhythmia that causes a large number of clinical symptoms, adversely impacts the quality of life, and can even initiate serious arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. The incidence of premature ventricular contraction is higher in hypertensive patients, particularly if concomitant left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is present. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted on the characteristics of PVC in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and aimed to evaluate the effect of bisoprolol on PVC in Vietnamese patients with hypertension and LVH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a study to determine how bisoprolol potency affected PVC management in the group with both high blood pressure and LVH. We selected a convenient sample of all patients who came to the Medical Examination Department at the Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital and met sampling criteria with hypertension, LVH on echocardiography, and PVC on 12-leads electrocardiogram. Over 2 years, we collected 76 patients who satisfied the above conditions. Out of which, 50 patients were indicated for management with bisoprolol, and 26 patients were excluded from the study, including 7 patients with asthma and 19 patients who had simple PVC on a 24-hour Holter ECG. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 22. RESULTS: Fifty patients participated in the study, of whom 70% were female. It is clear that palpitation was the most prevalent symptom (66%), and 38% of patients had complicated PVC (Lown III-V). When treating PVC with bisoprolol, 50% of patients achieved the treatment goal with a decrease in the number of PVCs of more than 70%, accompanied by symptom relief and eradication of dangerous PVCs. After 4 weeks of treatment, bisoprolol decreased the number of PVCs, heart rate, and blood pressure while also easing PVC-related symptoms (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Low-dose bisoprolol effectively reduces the number of PVCs in hypertensive patients with LVH.

Utility of combining PIVKA-II and AFP in the surveillance and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Asia-Pacific region.

Even though the combined use of ultrasound (US) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is recommended for the surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the utilization of AFP has its challenges, including accuracy dependent on its cut-off levels, degree of liver necroinflammation, and etiology of liver disease. Though various studies have demonstrated the utility of protein induced by vitamin K absence II (PIVKA-II) in surveillance, treatment monitoring, and predicting recurrence, it is still not recommended as a routine biomarker test. A panel of 17 experts from Asia-Pacific, gathered to discuss and reach a consensus on the clinical usefulness and value of PIVKA-II for the surveillance and treatment monitoring of HCC, based on six predetermined statements. The experts agreed that PIVKA-II was valuable in the detection of HCC in AFP-negative patients, and could potentially benefit detection of early HCC in combination with AFP. PIVKA-II is clinically useful for monitoring curative and intra-arterial locoregional treatments, outcomes, and recurrence, and could potentially predict microvascular invasion risk and facilitate patient selection for liver transplant. However, combining PIVKA-II with US and AFP for HCC surveillance, including small HCC, still requires more evidence, whilst its role in detecting AFP-negative HCC will potentially increase as more patients are treated for hepatitis-related HCC. PIVKA-II in combination with AFP and US has a clinical role in the Asia-Pacific region for surveillance. However, implementation of PIVKA-II in the region will have some challenges, such as requiring standardization of cut-off values, its cost-effectiveness and improving awareness among healthcare providers.

Procedural Outcomes of Pulmonary Atresia With Intact Ventricular Septum in Neonates: A Multicenter Study.

BACKGROUND: Multicenter contemporary data describing short-term outcomes after initial interventions of neonates with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS) are limited. This multicenter study describes characteristics and outcomes of PA-IVS neonates after their initial catheter or surgical intervention and identifies factors associated with major adverse cardiac events (MACE). METHODS: Neonates with PA-IVS who underwent surgical or catheter intervention between 2009 and 2019 in 19 centers were reviewed. Risk factors for MACE, defined as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical circulatory support, stroke, or in-hospital mortality, were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS: We reviewed 279 neonates: 79 (28%) underwent right ventricular decompression, 151 (54%) underwent systemic-to-pulmonary shunt or ductal stent placement only, 36 (13%) underwent right ventricular decompression with shunt or ductal stent placement, and 11 (4%) underwent transplantation. MACE occurred in 57 patients (20%): 26 (9%) received mechanical circulatory support, 37 (13%) received cardiopulmonary resuscitation, stroke occurred in 16 (6%), and 23 (8%) died. The presence of 2 major coronary artery stenoses (adjusted odds ratio, 4.99; 95% CI, 1.16-21.39) and lower weight at first intervention (adjusted odds ratio, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.01-2.27) were significantly associated with MACE. Coronary ischemia was the most frequent presumed mechanism of death (n = 10). CONCLUSIONS: In a multicenter cohort, 1 in 5 neonates with PA-IVS experienced MACE after their initial intervention. Patients with 2 major coronary artery stenoses or lower weight at the time of the initial procedure were most likely to experience MACE and warrant vigilance during preintervention planning and postintervention management.

Therapeutic plasma exchange and continuous renal replacement therapy in pediatric dengue-associated acute liver failure: A case series from Vietnam.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Paediatric dengue-associated acute liver failure (PALF) is a rare and fatal complication. To date, clinical data regarding the combination of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for the treatment of dengue-associated PALF are limited. METHODS: We conducted a single-center, retrospective study of all children with dengue-associated PALF admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit of Children Hospital No.2, Vietnam, who were treated with TPE+CRRT between January 2021 and March 2022. The main study outcomes were in-hospital survival, normalisation of hepatic function, and hepatic encephalopathy improvement. RESULTS: Twelve patients aged from 06 to 12 years underwent TPE+CRRT procedures. Among them, three (25 %) patients died of severe sepsis and septic shock confirmed by Enterobacteriaceae spp. haemocultures (stable on maintenance treatment of COVID-19-associated MIS-C with low dose of oral steroids on hospital admission), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and clinically apparent intracranial haemorrhage. Nine patients (75 %) survived. The paediatric mortality risk score improved significantly at discharge compared with PICU admission (P < 0.01). Markedly, all twelve patients were diagnosed with hepatoencephalopathy of grades III and IV on PICU admission. After the combined TPE+CRRT interventions, there were substantial improvements in liver transaminases levels, coagulation profiles, and metabolic biomarkers. Normal neurological functions were observed in nine alive patients at hospital discharge. Only one patient experienced an adverse event of slightly low blood pressure, which rapidly self-resolved. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Combined TPE+CRRT significantly improved survival outcome, neurological status, and rapid normalisation of liver functions in dengue-associated PALF.

Utility of combining PIVKA-II and AFP in the surveillance and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Asia-Pacific region

Even though the combined use of ultrasound (US) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is recommended for the surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the utilization of AFP has its challenges, including accuracy dependent on its cut-off levels, degree of liver necroinflammation, and etiology of liver disease. Though various studies have demonstrated the utility of protein induced by vitamin K absence II (PIVKA-II) in surveillance, treatment monitoring, and predicting recurrence, it is still not recommended as a routine biomarker test. A panel of 17 experts from Asia-Pacific, gathered to discuss and reach a consensus on the clinical usefulness and value of PIVKA-II for the surveillance and treatment monitoring of HCC, based on six predetermined statements. The experts agreed that PIVKA-II was valuable in the detection of HCC in AFP-negative patients, and could potentially benefit detection of early HCC in combination with AFP. PIVKA-II is clinically useful for monitoring curative and intra-arterial locoregional treatments, outcomes, and recurrence, and could potentially predict microvascular invasion risk and facilitate patient selection for liver transplant. However, combining PIVKA-II with US and AFP for HCC surveillance, including small HCC, still requires more evidence, whilst its role in detecting AFP-negative HCC will potentially increase as more patients are treated for hepatitis-related HCC. PIVKA-II in combination with AFP and US has a clinical role in the Asia-Pacific region for surveillance. However, implementation of PIVKA-II in the region will have some challenges, such as requiring standardization of cut-off values, its cost-effectiveness and improving awareness among healthcare providers.

Antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitability of Distichochlamys citrea M.F. Newman rhizome fractionated extracts: in vitro and in silico screenings.

Distichochlamys citrea M.F. Newman (commonly known as "Black Ginger") is an endemic plant to Vietnam and has been extensively exploited by folk medication for treatments of infection-related diseases and diabetes. In this work, its rhizomes were subjected to fractionated extraction, phytochemical examination, evaluation of antioxidant effect by DDPH free radical neutralization, and inhibitory activity toward α-glucosidase. The compositional components were subjected to in silico screening, including density functional theory calculation, molecular docking simulation, physicochemical analysis, and pharmacokinetic regression. In the trials, EtOAc fraction is found as the bioactive part of most effectiveness, regarding both antioxidant effect (IC50 = 90.27 µg mL-1) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 115.75 µg mL-1). Chemical determination reveals there are 13 components of its composition. DFT-based calculations find no abnormal constraints in their structures. Docking-based simulation provides order of inhibitory effectiveness: 3-P53341 > 12-P53341 > 7-P53341 > 4-P53341 > 11-P53341 > 10-P53341. QSARIS-based investigations implicate their biocompatibility. ADMET-based regressions indicate that all candidates are generally safe for medicinal applications. The findings would contribute to the basis for further studies on the chemical compositions of Distichochlamys citrea and their biological activities. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11696-022-02273-2.

Transformation networks of metal-organic cages controlled by chemical stimuli.

The flexibility of biomolecules enables them to adapt and transform as a result of signals received from the external environment, expressing different functions in different contexts. In similar fashion, coordination cages can undergo stimuli-triggered transformations owing to the dynamic nature of the metal-ligand bonds that hold them together. Different types of stimuli can trigger dynamic reconfiguration of these metal-organic assemblies, to switch on or off desired functionalities. Such adaptable systems are of interest for applications in switchable catalysis, selective molecular recognition or as transformable materials. This review highlights recent advances in the transformation of cages using chemical stimuli, providing a catalogue of reported strategies to transform cages and thus allow the creation of new architectures. Firstly we focus on strategies for transformation through the introduction of new cage components, which trigger reconstitution of the initial set of components. Secondly we summarize conversions triggered by external stimuli such as guests, concentration, solvent or pH, highlighting the adaptation processes that coordination cages can undergo. Finally, systems capable of responding to multiple stimuli are described. Such systems constitute composite chemical networks with the potential for more complex behaviour. We aim to offer new perspectives on how to design transformation networks, in order to shed light on signal-driven transformation processes that lead to the preparation of new functional metal-organic architectures.

Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum: Midterm Outcomes from a Multicenter Cohort.

Contemporary multicenter data regarding midterm outcomes for neonates with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum are lacking. We sought to describe outcomes in a contemporary multicenter cohort, determine factors associated with end-states, and evaluate the effect of right ventricular coronary dependency and coronary atresia on transplant-free survival. Neonates treated during 2009-2019 in 19 United States centers were reviewed. Competing risks analysis was performed to determine cumulative risk of each end-state, and multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with each end-state and transplant-free survival. We reviewed 295 patients. Median tricuspid valve Z-score was - 3.06 (25%, 75%: - 4.00, - 1.52). Final end-state was biventricular repair for 45 patients (15.2%), one-and-a half ventricle for 16 (5.4%), Fontan for 75 (25.4%), cardiac transplantation for 29 (9.8%), and death for 54 (18.3%). Seventy-six patients (25.7%) remained in mixed circulation. Cumulative risk estimate of death was 10.9%, 16.1%, 16.9%, and 18.8% at 1, 6 months, 1 year, and 5 years, respectively. Tricuspid valve Z-score was inversely, and coronary atresia positively associated with death or transplantation [odds ratio (OR) = 0.46, (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.29-0.75, p < 0.001) and OR = 3.75 (95% CI 1.46-9.61, p = 0.011), respectively]. Right ventricular coronary dependency and left coronary atresia had a significant effect on transplant-free survival (log-rank p < 0.001). In a contemporary multicenter cohort of patients with PAIVS, consisting predominantly of patients with moderate-to-severe right ventricular hypoplasia, we observed favorable survival outcomes. Right ventricular coronary dependency and left, but not right, coronary atresia significantly worsens transplant-free survival.

Advances in Hydrogel-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common central nervous system disorder (CNS) characterized by cell loss in the substantia nigra. Severe loss of dopaminergic neurons and Lewy body formation with α-synuclein inclusions are the main neuropathological features of PD. There's currently no cure for PD, but treatments are available to help relieve the symptoms and maintain quality of life. However, the variety of clinically available therapeutic molecules is mainly limited to treating symptoms rather than halting or reversing disease progression via medical interventions. As an emerging drug carrier, hydrogels loaded with therapeutic agents and cells are attracting attention as an alternative and potentially more effective approach to managing PD. The current work highlights applications of hydrogel-based biomaterials in cell culture and disease modeling as carriers for cells, medicines, and proteins as PD therapeutic models.